There are only 5 ways to improve productivity

UPDATE: Replace “effort” with “cost” to account for the option to use lower cost sources of effort. Hat tip to Joe Troderman.

1. Reduce cost to produce the same impact.
2. Increase impact for the same cost.
3. Reduce cost and increase impact. (The best way)
4. Increase cost but increase impact at an even higher rate.
5. Reduce cost causing reduced impact but at a slower rate. (Generally, not politically viable)

Am I missing anything?